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Basic fish anatomy

The fish, as well as any vertebrate animal, has skeleton, muscles, integument, organs of breath, allocation, duplication and feelings, digestive, blood and nervous systems.
Body of a fish subdivide into a head, trunk and tail.
Fins operate movement of a body. They are subdivided onunpaired - back, Ð°nal both tail, and pair- chest and belly. At some kinds fishesthe back fin consists of two fins, and at others between back and tail fins are available the fold of a leathernamed by a fatty fin. All fins are resulted in movement by muscles, and their skeleton consists of beams which canbe soft and firm. Distinctionbetween firm beams and soft can be established, considering them in front. Firmbeams always integral, soft consist from united pienes of the right and lefthalf.
The form and quantity of beams of fins characterize a kind fishes also are expressed by the formula of fins.Movement of a fish begins a tail and a tail fin, which strong impact send a body forward, Back and anal a fin strengthen work of a tail also stabilize position of a body. Chest fins move a body at slow navigation, serve as a rudder and together with belly and tail fins provide equilibrium position of a body at an immovability.
Besides some kinds of fishes can lean on chest fins or move with their help on a firm surface. Belly fins carry out, basically, function of balance, but at some kinds are changed in a sticking disk that allows a fish to be attached to a firm surface. The form of a body of fishes depends on a place of dwelling.
The body of a fish is covered by a leather,
Which consists of two layers: the top layer - epidermis and actually a leather - derma.
Epidermis consists of several layers of cells among which there are the cells developing special mucous allocation, leather acting on a surface and doing it smooth and slippery, that reduces resistance of water at movement of a fish. This mucous layer is constantly updated and interferes with settlement and development of various mushrooms and bacteria.
Derma consists of several layers of a connecting fabricwhich is rich with blood vessels and nerves. In derma there are sense organsand cells with the painting substance giving painting to a body which helps afish with struggle for existence. The camouflage painting depending on a way oflife of a fish has great value. Brilliant painting of all body or strips ofgregarious fishes shining by bright color facilitate it to keep build orquickly to gather after an attack of a predator. Some kinds of fishes changethe painting for brighter with various strips and spots during spawning andcare of posterity that facilitates child search of parents. Derma naked or itis covered, at the majority of decorative fishes, the scales representing thin,round plates, laying in skin pockets and protecting a body of a fish fromdamages. The scales is located by longitudinal and cross-section numbers coverseach other. At some kinds of fishes instead of scales the body is covered boneplates.
As basis of a skeleton the spine column which subdivide into two departments serves: a trunk and tail. The spine column consists from Ð¿Ð¾Ð·Ð²Ð¾Ð½ÐºÐ¾Ð² from which the arcuate shoots surrounding a spinal cord upwards depart. Downwards shoots with blood vessels passing in them, and the edges covering a belly cavity also depart. In front the spine column is adjoined with a skull in which it is possible to allocate a cranium, top and bottom a jaw and a bone of a branchiate cover. In the field of a snout which is characterized by distance from the beginning of a head up to a first line of an eye, are located Ð½Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð²Ñ‹Ðµ apertures and a mouth. Position and a structure of a mouth depends on a way of a feed. The oral aperture is often framed by lips. Near to a mouth, in most cases in the field of a snout, there can be long outgrowths - short moustaches which serve as bodies of touch and have the flavouring cells helping a fish in searches of food